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PERESTROIKA

MADAR

INTERINSULER

MENCUNGAP

MENDIRUS

MENYURAI

ARKAIS

EPISTAKSIS

TERUK

FILANTROPI

BEBAL

PASIK

GAMANG

… : GIGI = IGA : …

INSTING : NALURI = …

CAKRAM : BUNDAR = …

UNDANG-UNDANG : REVISI = RUMAH :…

API : LIDAH = …

KUNYIT : KUNING = KESUMBA : …

LOTENG : TANGGA =  …

SINYAL : = : KAMERA

BACAAN 1
Sebanyak 14 sumur minyak milik PetroChina Internasional (Jabung) Ltd. disegel Pemerintah Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi, pimpinan Bupati Zumi Zola, karena tidak memiliki izin. Apa penjelasan Satuan Kerja Khusus Pelaksana Kegiatan Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi (SKK Migas)? Dikatakan Kepala Bagian Hubungan Masyarakat SKK Migas Elan Biantoro, penyegelan ini—salah satunya—disebabkan Pemkab meminta alokasi gas bumi ke PetroChina yang diperuntukkan untuk BUMD Tanjung Jabung Timur. “Atas permintaan alokasi gas ke BUMD mereka itulah menjadi dasar ‘ditaharry i alperizinan PetroChina, seolah-olah kalau tidak dapat pasokan gas izin tidak dikeluarkan,” ujar Elan. Masalahnya, kata Elan, untuk mendapatkan gas tersebut tidak semudah seperti orang dagang tahu-tempe, begitu barangnya ada langsung bisa diberikan. “Alokasi gasnya tidak seperti orang dagang tahu-tempe, bisnis gas itu perlu perjanjian, perlu infrastruktur terutama pipa gas, untuk membangun infrastruktur juga perlu waktu tidak bisa besok ada, ada prosesnya,” ucap Elan.
Memang saat ini PetroChina Jabung yang beroperasi di Tanjung Jabung Timur mengekspor gas ke Singapura, Pemkab ingin ikut mengambil bagian dari gas bumi sebesar 10juta kaki kubik (MMSCFD).17idak bisa seperti itu, jual beli dengan Singapura juga ada prosesnya, itu saja memakan waktu dua tahun, kalau ada kurang pasokan yang diminta tanggung jawab tentu PetroChina-nya, permintaan Pemkab Tanjung Timur sebesar 10 MMSCFD juga dalam proses due diligence, dan ditargetkan secepatnya pada Oktober 2013 selesai ditandatangani perjanjiannya,” jelasnya. Ditambahkan Sekretaris SKK Migas, Gde Pradyana, mengatakan pembicaraan dengan Pemkab Tanjung Jabung Timur soal alokasi gas untuk BUMD sedang berjalan sesuai roadmap yang disepakati pada 28 Februari 2013. “Sesuai dengan roadmap tersebut, saat ini due diligence terhadap BUMD yang ditunjuk oleh Pemkab sedang berjalan sampai dengan akhir Mei 2013,” ujar Gde. Akan tetapi, kata Gde, Pemkab malah menyegel sumur mendahului selesainya due diligence. “Kita tidak tahu apakah ini semacam menyandera sumur untuk mendapatkan alokasi gas atau ada hal lain, itu sedang kami cek,” katanya.
Terkait permasalahan belum keluarnya izin dari Pemkab Tanjung Jabung Timur, kata Gde, sebetulnya permohonan izin sudah diajukan, tetapi belum diterbitkan oleh Pemkab Tanjung Jabung Timur. Saat ini perwakilan SKK Migas di Sumbagsel sedang berkomunikasi dengan Pemkab Tanjung Jabung Timur untuk mencari tahu alasan sebenarnya penyegelan tersebut. “Yang jelas sangat disayangkan bahwa baru beberapa hari lalu, saat oPeintig — IPA (Indonesian Petroleum Association) Convention di JCC, Presiden sendiri menginstruksikan dalam sambutan beliau untuk mempermudah proses perizinan, tapi justru Pemkab menyegel sumur karena izinnya belum diterbitkan oleh Pemkab sendiri,” papar Gde. “Penyegelan sumur ini dapat dimaknai menghentikan penerimaan negara dari sumur-sumur tersebut karena pada dasamya PetroChina di situ hanya sebagai operator saja. Sumur itu milik negara bukan milik PetroChina. Kalau disegel maka sebetulnya Pemkab menyegel aset negara,” tandas Gde.
(disadur dari berbagai sumber – PTT, BPPK)

Pernyataan yang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di atas adalah …

BACAAN 1
Sebanyak 14 sumur minyak milik PetroChina Internasional (Jabung) Ltd. disegel Pemerintah Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi, pimpinan Bupati Zumi Zola, karena tidak memiliki izin. Apa penjelasan Satuan Kerja Khusus Pelaksana Kegiatan Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi (SKK Migas)? Dikatakan Kepala Bagian Hubungan Masyarakat SKK Migas Elan Biantoro, penyegelan ini—salah satunya—disebabkan Pemkab meminta alokasi gas bumi ke PetroChina yang diperuntukkan untuk BUMD Tanjung Jabung Timur. “Atas permintaan alokasi gas ke BUMD mereka itulah menjadi dasar ‘ditaharry i alperizinan PetroChina, seolah-olah kalau tidak dapat pasokan gas izin tidak dikeluarkan,” ujar Elan. Masalahnya, kata Elan, untuk mendapatkan gas tersebut tidak semudah seperti orang dagang tahu-tempe, begitu barangnya ada langsung bisa diberikan. “Alokasi gasnya tidak seperti orang dagang tahu-tempe, bisnis gas itu perlu perjanjian, perlu infrastruktur terutama pipa gas, untuk membangun infrastruktur juga perlu waktu tidak bisa besok ada, ada prosesnya,” ucap Elan.
Memang saat ini PetroChina Jabung yang beroperasi di Tanjung Jabung Timur mengekspor gas ke Singapura, Pemkab ingin ikut mengambil bagian dari gas bumi sebesar 10juta kaki kubik (MMSCFD).17idak bisa seperti itu, jual beli dengan Singapura juga ada prosesnya, itu saja memakan waktu dua tahun, kalau ada kurang pasokan yang diminta tanggung jawab tentu PetroChina-nya, permintaan Pemkab Tanjung Timur sebesar 10 MMSCFD juga dalam proses due diligence, dan ditargetkan secepatnya pada Oktober 2013 selesai ditandatangani perjanjiannya,” jelasnya. Ditambahkan Sekretaris SKK Migas, Gde Pradyana, mengatakan pembicaraan dengan Pemkab Tanjung Jabung Timur soal alokasi gas untuk BUMD sedang berjalan sesuai roadmap yang disepakati pada 28 Februari 2013. “Sesuai dengan roadmap tersebut, saat ini due diligence terhadap BUMD yang ditunjuk oleh Pemkab sedang berjalan sampai dengan akhir Mei 2013,” ujar Gde. Akan tetapi, kata Gde, Pemkab malah menyegel sumur mendahului selesainya due diligence. “Kita tidak tahu apakah ini semacam menyandera sumur untuk mendapatkan alokasi gas atau ada hal lain, itu sedang kami cek,” katanya.
Terkait permasalahan belum keluarnya izin dari Pemkab Tanjung Jabung Timur, kata Gde, sebetulnya permohonan izin sudah diajukan, tetapi belum diterbitkan oleh Pemkab Tanjung Jabung Timur. Saat ini perwakilan SKK Migas di Sumbagsel sedang berkomunikasi dengan Pemkab Tanjung Jabung Timur untuk mencari tahu alasan sebenarnya penyegelan tersebut. “Yang jelas sangat disayangkan bahwa baru beberapa hari lalu, saat oPeintig — IPA (Indonesian Petroleum Association) Convention di JCC, Presiden sendiri menginstruksikan dalam sambutan beliau untuk mempermudah proses perizinan, tapi justru Pemkab menyegel sumur karena izinnya belum diterbitkan oleh Pemkab sendiri,” papar Gde. “Penyegelan sumur ini dapat dimaknai menghentikan penerimaan negara dari sumur-sumur tersebut karena pada dasamya PetroChina di situ hanya sebagai operator saja. Sumur itu milik negara bukan milik PetroChina. Kalau disegel maka sebetulnya Pemkab menyegel aset negara,” tandas Gde.
(disadur dari berbagai sumber – PTT, BPPK)

Manakah penyataan yang merupakan fakta sesuai bacaan di atas?

Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) menyatakan musim penghujan normal hingga Mei 2013. Dengan melihat pola dan karakteristik hujan di Indonesia, maka diperkirakan puting beliung berpotensi terjadi hingga Maret – April 2013. “Selama tahun 2012, data sementara terjadi 295 puting beliung di Indonesia atau sekitar 36 persen dan tog bencana selama 2012,” tutur Kepala Pusat Data, Informasi dan Humas Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, Kamis (27/12).

Menurut Sutopo, tren kejadian puting beliung cenderung mengalami peningkatan di setiap tahunnya. Selama 2002-2011 meningkat 28 kali lipat dan terdapat 404 kabupaten/kota dengan jumlah penduduk 115 juta jiwa yang tinggal di daerah rawan sedang hingga rawan tinggi bahaya puting beliung di Indonesia. “Kondisi tersebut diperparah dengan belum adanya sistem peringatan dini puting beliung,” kata Sutopo. Hal ini disebabkan kecilnya cakupan terjangan puting beliung yang kurang dari 2 km, waktu kejadian kurang dari 10 menit, dan tidak semua awan  Cumulonimbus  selalu terjadi puting beliung. Kebakaran lahan dan hutan selama musim kemarau 2013 berpotensi terjadi di 8 provinsi langganan yaitu Sumut, Riau, Jambi, Sumsel, Kalbar, Kalteng, Kalsel dan Kaltim. “Kekeringan berpotensi terjadi selama Agustus-Oktober di Jawa, Bali, NTT dan daerah-daerah yang defisit air,” ujar Sutopo.

Berdasarkan Data dan Informasi Bencana Indonesia (DIBI) BNPB dari tahun 1825-2012, jumlah korban meninggal dan hilang akibat bencana geologi lebih banyak dibandingkan hidrometeorologi. Dan 292.330 orang meninggal dan hilang, sekitar 74% akibat bencana geologi sedangkan 26% bencana hidrometeorologi dan Iainnya. “Masyarakat dihimbau agar siap siaga. Dalam bahasa Latin ada istilah para helium”. Artinya jika kau mendambakan perdamaian, bersiap-siaplah menghadapi perang. Maka dalam bencana pun berIalzu, jika kau ingin selamat, bersiaplah menghadapi bencana. Bencana datang ketika kita tidak slap. Semoga tidak ada bencana besar di tahun mendatang,” tandas Sutopo.
(disadur dari berbagai sumber –  PTT, BPPK)

Pernyataan yang tidak tergblong fakta dalam bacaan di atas adalah …

Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) menyatakan musim penghujan normal hingga Mei 2013. Dengan melihat pola dan karakteristik hujan di Indonesia, maka diperkirakan puting beliung berpotensi terjadi hingga Maret – April 2013. “Selama tahun 2012, data sementara terjadi 295 puting beliung di Indonesia atau sekitar 36 persen dan tog bencana selama 2012,” tutur Kepala Pusat Data, Informasi dan Humas Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, Kamis (27/12).

Menurut Sutopo, tren kejadian puting beliung cenderung mengalami peningkatan di setiap tahunnya. Selama 2002-2011 meningkat 28 kali lipat dan terdapat 404 kabupaten/kota dengan jumlah penduduk 115 juta jiwa yang tinggal di daerah rawan sedang hingga rawan tinggi bahaya puting beliung di Indonesia. “Kondisi tersebut diperparah dengan belum adanya sistem peringatan dini puting beliung,” kata Sutopo. Hal ini disebabkan kecilnya cakupan terjangan puting beliung yang kurang dari 2 km, waktu kejadian kurang dari 10 menit, dan tidak semua awan Cumulonimbus selalu terjadi puting beliung. Kebakaran lahan dan hutan selama musim kemarau 2013 berpotensi terjadi di 8 provinsi langganan yaitu Sumut, Riau, Jambi, Sumsel, Kalbar, Kalteng, Kalsel dan Kaltim. “Kekeringan berpotensi terjadi selama Agustus-Oktober di Jawa, Bali, NTT dan daerah-daerah yang defisit air,” ujar Sutopo.

Berdasarkan Data dan Informasi Bencana Indonesia (DIBI) BNPB dari tahun 1825-2012, jumlah korban meninggal dan hilang akibat bencana geologi lebih banyak dibandingkan hidrometeorologi. Dan 292.330 orang meninggal dan hilang, sekitar 74% akibat bencana geologi sedangkan 26% bencana hidrometeorologi dan Iainnya. “Masyarakat dihimbau agar siap siaga. Dalam bahasa Latin ada istilah para helium”. Artinya jika kau mendambakan perdamaian, bersiap-siaplah menghadapi perang. Maka dalam bencana pun berIalzu, jika kau ingin selamat, bersiaplah menghadapi bencana. Bencana datang ketika kita tidak slap. Semoga tidak ada bencana besar di tahun mendatang,” tandas Sutopo.
(disadur dari berbagai sumber – PTT, BPPK)

Si vis pacem, para bellum sama maknanya dengan salah satu peribahasa Indonesia, yaitu …

isa pembagian 3²¹ oleh 10 adalah ….

0,4% x 0,5% / 0,1% x 0,2% x 0,3 =…

1/1×2 + 1/2×3 + 1/3×4 + 1/4×5 =…..

Jika p =  12 5/6 + 2  3/8 + 21 1/4 dan  q = (2/6 x 1 4/10) : 1 3/5 maka nilai p + q = …

Jika p = -2x² + 6 dan q = -3x² + 4, maka …

Jika 2x:4x  = 5 dan (2/4)Y = 5 maka ….

A = 3/8 dari 64, B = 3/5  dari 40 dan C = 5/8 dari  100, maka pernyataan berikut yang salah  adalah ….

Jika y = (1/66 – 1/67) dan x  = (1/65 – 1/68)

Jika  x  = 1/25 dan y = 25%, maka …

x = 1/y² x  y Jika y merupakan bilangan negatif, maka  …

Sekolah Populer memiliki sebuah asrama berisi sejumlah kamar. Jika setiap kamar diisi dua orang siswa akan ada dua belas siswa yang tidak memperoleh kamar. Jika setiap kamar diisi oleh tiga orang siswa akan ada dua kamar yang kosong. Berapa banyak kamar yang tersedia di asrama Sekolah Populer?

Berapa nilai rata-rata barisan aritmatika kelipatan lima mulai dari lima belas sampai lima puluh?

Pada sebuah perusahaan, setiap x orang dapat menghasilkan y produk setiap z menit jika setiap orang bekerja, Berapa jam diperlukan untuk menghasilkan 10.000 produk?

Sebuah kubus A dari logam memiliki berat dua ratus gram. Berapa jumlah kubus A yang diperlukan agar menghasilkan kubus B yang panjang sisinya dua kali lebih panjang? (kubus A dan B terbuat dari bahan yang sama)

Sebuah kompetisi sepakbola diikuti oleh tim A, B, C, dan D dimana setiap tim akan bertanding satu kali melawan setiap tim lainnya. Nilai yang diberikan yakni 3 poin untuk tim yang menang, 1 poin untuk masing-masing tim yang bermain imbang (seri), dan 0 poin untuk tim yang kalah. Jika tim A satu kali kalah, tim B selalu kalah, dan tim C dua kali seri, juara pada kompetisi tersebut adalah …

Sebuah bola dijatuhkan dan ketinggian 118 m. Setiap kali menyentuh tanah, bola akan memantul hingga setengah dari ketinggian sebelumnya. Berapa ketinggian yang dicapai bola setelah pantulan kelima?

Sebuah kubus memiliki volume sebesar 216 cm3. Berapa banyak kubus bersisi 2 cm yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi kubus?

Nia berumur 14 tahun pada setahun yang lalu. Jika umur Yanti 7 tahun mendatang adalah 22 tahun, maka selisih umur mereka adalah … tahun.

Pak Bandi memancing di kolam dengan membayar Rp30.000/jam. Setiap 10 menit ia mampu mendapatkan 0,4 kg ikan. la hanya membawa pulang ikan sebanyak 1 kg dan sisanya ia jual dengan harga Rp20.000/kg. Jika Pak Bandi hanya membawa uang Rp50.000 saat memancing dan ia hanya memancing selama satu jam, maka uang yang dibawanya pulang sebesar …

Diketahui  f (x) = 2x³ / x² – 1

I.  Jika x > 0, maka  f(x)  > 0

II.  Jika x  < 0, maka  f(x) < 0

III. Jika 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, maka f(x) < 0

IV. Jika 0 ≤ x < 1, maka f(x) dapat memiliki nilai 0

V. Jika x² > 1, maka f(x) > 0

Manakah yang benar?

300 kepala keluarga di sebuah desa akan memilih salah satu dari dua orang calon untuk  menjadi kepala desa. Lima puluh persen suara diraih calon pertama, sepuluh persen suara batal karena memilih keduanya dan dua per lima betas abstain. Berapa banyak suara yang diraih calon kedua?

Sebuah bilangan terdiri dari empat buah angka yang berbeda. Jumlah keempat angka adalah 12. Angka pertama ditambah angka ketiga sama dengan angka keempat dikurangi angka kedua. Angka kedua sama dengan selisih angka pertama dan ketiga/Angka keempat dibagi angka ketiga sama dengan angka pertama dibagi angka kedua. Bilangan tersebut adalah….

Tiga buah bilangan jika dijumlahkan hasilnya 78. Selisih bilangan pertama dan bilangan kedua sama dengan selisih bilangan kedua dan bilangan ketiga. Hasil perkalian ketiga bilangan adalah 17.342. Ketiga bilangan tersebut adalah …

Jika sebuah benda bergerak dengan kecepatan delapan kaki perdetik, berapakah jarak yang ditempuhnya selama setengah  jam? (1 kaki = 0,3048 m)

Sebuah bus wisata melakukan perjalanan dari kota A ke kota B yang berjarak 120 km dengan kecepatan rata-rata 50 km/jam. Kemudian bus tersebut kembali lagi dari kota B ke kota A dengan rute yang sama. Total waktu perjalanan adalah 5 jam 24 menit. Kecepatan rata-rata bus tersebut pada saat menuju ke kota A adalah …

Dari suatu sekolah  1 /4  lulusannya diterima di  jurusan bisnis,  1 /3  lulusannya diterima di jurusan hukum dan  1 /5  lulusannya diterima di kedua jurusan tersebut. Berapa persen lulusan sekolah yang tidak diterima di kedua jurusan tersebut?

Sebuah tempat penampungan air berbentuk silinder, memiliki tinggi 200 cm dan diameter  alas 100 cm. Berapa banyak air yang bisa tertampung di dalam tempat penampungan itu?

Seorang penjahit hendak membuat sapu tangan segi empat dengan ukuran 21 cm x 21 cm. Berapa kali penjahit harus memotong kain yang berukuran 84 cm x 84 cm untuk menghasilkan sapu tangan itu tanpa menggunakan alat ukur dengan cara yang paling efisien?

Berapa kg pupuk yang mengandung 30% nitrogen yang harus ditambahkan pada 120 kg pupuk yang mengandung 20% nitrogen agar tercapai campuran pupuk yang mengandung 27,5% nitrogen?

Suku ke-3 suatu barisan geometri sama dengan suku ke-7 barisan aritmetika. Suku pertama kedua barisan tersebut adalah 4. Jika rasio (r) barisan geometri sama dengan beda (b) barisan aritmetika, dan keduanya adalah bilangan bulat, maka suku ke-6 barisan geometri dikurangi suku ke-15 barisan aritmetika adalah….

Eko mudik lebaran dengan naik sepeda motor menempuh jarak 240 km. Pada  1 /3  perjalanan awal kecepatan rata-rata motornya adalah 50 km/jam. Setelah itu ia meningkatkan kecepatan rata-rata motornya sebesar 60%. Jika ia berangkat pukul 06.30 maka Eko akan sampai ke tempat tujuan pada pukul …

7, 10, 24,13, 322, 16.,,

2 5 2 4 9 4 16 13 …

B, R, E, P, H, N, K, L, …, …

A, E, D, H, G, K, …, …

C G H J M M R …

K M 0 N M O Q … …

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Beberapa pengangguran berbadan kurus. Tidak seorang pun yang berbadan kurus adalah vegetarian.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Sarjana yang lulus dengan predikat  cumlaude harus memiliki indeks preitasi di atas 3,5. Beberapa mahasiswa yang menjadi sarjana lulus dengan indeks prestasi di atas 3,5.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Semua atlet profesional mengenakan  swimsuit berteknologi tinggi sejak Olimpiade 2010. Sebagian perenang pria adalah atlet profesional.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Semua orang yang bermental  interpreneur hidup dengan makmur. Sebagian orang yang bermental  interpreneur  melakukan usaha wiraswasta.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Burung cendrawasih berwarna indah. Semua burung dapat terbang.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Mario dan Marina adalah sepasang kekasih. Setiap malam Jumat mereka berdoa bersama.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Beberapa ikan hias adalah ikan mahal. Semua ikan hias hidup di laut. Segala sesuatu yang hidup di laut bisa dimakan.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Butuh seminggu untuk membuat telor asin merek A. Selain telor asin A butuh waktu lima  hari untuk membuatnya.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Anak wanita yang masih kecil selalu diberikan mainan boneka oleh ibunya. Wati adalah wanita yang banyak mempunyai boneka di rumahnya. Kakak dan adik Wati tidak suka akan boneka.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Semua pegawai memakai dasi pada hari Senin. Kemarin hari Rabu. Raka adalah seorang pegawai.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Setiap kelinci pandai melompat. Semua kelinci makan rumput.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Sebagian bunga harum baunya. Tidak ada bunga yang tidak berwarna.

PETUNJUK : Masing-masing terdiri dari premis-premis dan lima kemungkinan kesimpulan. Pilihlah kesimpulan yang Anda anggap merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.

Beberapa D adalah V. Semua V adalah K. Semua D adaIah  S

Seorang calon direktur perusahaan merencartakan mengunjungi enam kola berikut: Jakarta, Kendari, Lamongan, Manado, Kupang, dan Palembang, satu kali selama masa kampanye. Tim kampanyenya merencanakan jadwal perjalanan untuk calon direktur tersebut sebagai berikut:

✓  Calon direktur dapat mengunjungi Manado, hanya jika is telah mengunjungi Lamongan dan Kupang
✓  Calon direktur tidak dapat mengunjungil Kupang sebelum mengunjung Jakarta.
✓  Kota kedua yang dikunjungi calon direktur terebut adalah Kendari.

Manakah dari berikut ini yang benar untuk jadwal perjalanan calon direktur tersebut?

Seorang calon direktur perusahaan merencartakan mengunjungi enam kola berikut: Jakarta, Kendari, Lamongan, Manado, Kupang, dan Palembang, satu kali selama masa kampanye. Tim kampanyenya merencanakan jadwal perjalanan untuk calon direktur tersebut sebagai berikut:

✓ Calon direktur dapat mengunjungi Manado, hanya jika is telah mengunjungi Lamongan dan Kupang
✓ Calon direktur tidak dapat mengunjungil Kupang sebelum mengunjung Jakarta.
✓ Kota kedua yang dikunjungi calon direktur terebut adalah Kendari.

Manakah dari urutan berikut ini yang dapat menjadi urutan kunjungan calon direktur ke kota-kota tersebut?

Seorang calon direktur perusahaan merencartakan mengunjungi enam kola berikut: Jakarta, Kendari, Lamongan, Manado, Kupang, dan Palembang, satu kali selama masa kampanye. Tim kampanyenya merencanakan jadwal perjalanan untuk calon direktur tersebut sebagai berikut:

✓ Calon direktur dapat mengunjungi Manado, hanya jika is telah mengunjungi Lamongan dan Kupang
✓ Calon direktur tidak dapat mengunjungil Kupang sebelum mengunjung Jakarta.
✓ Kota kedua yang dikunjungi calon direktur terebut adalah Kendari.

Jika calon direktur tersebut mengunjungi Palembang pada pertemuan terakhir, manakah dari kota-kota berikut yang dapat menjadi kota pertama dan ketiga dalam jadwal kunjungannya?

Asih, Bima, Cecep, Dedy, dan Entin secara acak memiliki kesukaan terhadap olahraga futsal, voli, tenis, badminton, dan  basket.  Tiga dari mereka menyukai futsal Masing-masing dari kelima anak itu menyukai  dua olahraga  yang berbeda. Tidak ada yang menyukai futsal juga menyukai tenis. Entin menyukai tenis. Hanya Asih dan Bima yang menyukai badminton, dan apa yang disukai oleh Dedy pasti juga disukai oleh cecep.

Bila Asih menyukai tenis maka pemyataan yang pasti benar adalah …

Asih, Bima, Cecep, Dedy, dan Entin secara acak memiliki kesukaan terhadap olahraga futsal, voli, tenis, badminton, dan basket. Tiga dari mereka menyukai futsal Masing-masing dari kelima anak itu menyukai dua olahraga yang berbeda. Tidak ada yang menyukai futsal juga menyukai tenis. Entin menyukai tenis. Hanya Asih dan Bima yang menyukai badminton, dan apa yang disukai oleh Dedy pasti juga disukai oleh cecep.

Bila Cecep menyukai  basket maka pernyataan yang benar adalah …

Asih, Bima, Cecep, Dedy, dan Entin secara acak memiliki kesukaan terhadap olahraga futsal, voli, tenis, badminton, dan basket. Tiga dari mereka menyukai futsal Masing-masing dari kelima anak itu menyukai dua olahraga yang berbeda. Tidak ada yang menyukai futsal juga menyukai tenis. Entin menyukai tenis. Hanya Asih dan Bima yang menyukai badminton, dan apa yang disukai oleh Dedy pasti juga disukai oleh cecep.

Pernyataan berikut yang tidak mungkin terjadi adalah …

Asih, Bima, Cecep, Dedy, dan Entin secara acak memiliki kesukaan terhadap olahraga futsal, voli, tenis, badminton, dan basket. Tiga dari mereka menyukai futsal Masing-masing dari kelima anak itu menyukai dua olahraga yang berbeda. Tidak ada yang menyukai futsal juga menyukai tenis. Entin menyukai tenis. Hanya Asih dan Bima yang menyukai badminton, dan apa yang disukai oleh Dedy pasti juga disukai oleh cecep.

Bila Entin menyukai basket maka pernyataan berikut yang salah adalah …..

Di suatu Rabu, seorang psikiater mempunyai jadwal konsultasi dengan 7 pasiennya yaitu P. Q, R,S,T,U, dan V. Masing-masing satu pasien satu jadwal konsultasi. Jadwal konsultasi urutan 1 sampai 7 harus memenuhi kondisi berikut.

•  Q mempunyai jadwal konsultasi sebelum W
•  U mempunyai jadwal konsultasi sebelum P
•  Salah satu dari R atau T memiliki jadwal konsultasi di urutan ketiga
•  S mempunyai jadwal konsultasi tepat sesudah R atau tepat sebelum R

Jika W mempunyai jadwal konsultasi urutan kedua dan P urutan kelima maka dari pernyataan berikut manakah yang benar?

Di suatu Rabu, seorang psikiater mempunyai jadwal konsultasi dengan 7 pasiennya yaitu P. Q, R,S,T,U, dan V. Masing-masing satu pasien satu jadwal konsultasi. Jadwal konsultasi urutan 1 sampai 7 harus memenuhi kondisi berikut.

• Q mempunyai jadwal konsultasi sebelum W
• U mempunyai jadwal konsultasi sebelum P
• Salah satu dari R atau T memiliki jadwal konsultasi di urutan ketiga
• S mempunyai jadwal konsultasi tepat sesudah R atau tepat sebelum R

Urutan manakah yang sesuai dengan kondisi jadwal konsultasi di atas dari urutan 1 sampai 7?

PETUNJUK :  Anda akan melihat deretan pola atau gambar. Untuk masing-masing soal terdiri atas  deretan kotak yang disusun berdasar prinsip tertentu. Tugas Anda adalah memilih salah satu dari 5 kotak pilihan yang merupakan perputaran gambar dalam soal.

PETUNJUK : Anda akan melihat deretan pola atau gambar. Untuk masing-masing soal terdiri atas deretan kotak yang disusun berdasar prinsip tertentu. Tugas Anda adalah memilih salah satu dari 5 kotak pilihan yang merupakan perputaran gambar dalam soal.

PETUNJUK : Anda akan melihat deretan pola atau gambar. Untuk masing-masing soal terdiri atas deretan kotak yang disusun berdasar prinsip tertentu. Tugas Anda adalah memilih salah satu dari 5 kotak pilihan yang merupakan perputaran gambar dalam soal.

PETUNJUK : Anda akan melihat deretan pola atau gambar. Untuk masing-masing soal terdiri atas deretan kotak yang disusun berdasar prinsip tertentu. Tugas Anda adalah memilih salah satu dari 5 kotak pilihan yang merupakan perputaran gambar dalam soal.

PETUNJUK : Setiap bentuk gambar yang pertama dihubungkan dengan bentuk gambar yang kedua. Dengan cara yang sama bentuk ketiga dihubungkan dengan keempat. Manakah dari kelima pilihan yang merupakan bentuk keempat?

PETUNJUK : Setiap bentuk gambar yang pertama dihubungkan dengan bentuk gambar yang kedua. Dengan cara yang sama bentuk ketiga dihubungkan dengan keempat. Manakah dari kelima pilihan yang merupakan bentuk keempat?

The mechanic is examining the machine of the yacht so that it … smoothly on its first voyage.

The government considered … a new bridge to link between the two islands.

One of my sisters lives in Jakarta and … lives in Canberra contJuing her study.

The building seems … since the owner left it a I fe years ago.

John asked, “Billy, where did you go last night?”
John asked Billy ….

The latest satellite … the image of the outer planets is adrriinistered by NASA.

The graphic shows that the sales in March slightly … than sales in February.

If the team …a better striker, they would have won the game.

Crocodile has … a strong jaw that it can crush and rip its prey easily.

Even though the next generation phone is thin, the program is … the last one.

The man donated a large amount of money as though he … a millionaire.

The committee suspected him … bribery after some amount of money had been found in his account.

Since the burglar managed to break into her house, Martha wishes that she … the alarm system earlier.

We had better … the manual to get more ex lanation about this product.

After … the assignment, she continues helping her mother cooking for dinner.

In 2050, airplanes may experience more frequent turbulence over the North Atlantic Ocean, … , as a result of global warming.

Although he wrote her for several times, he has never met his daughter, ..?

Mariah Carey, accompanied by other judges, deliberating to decide the winner of American Idol now.

.. its remote location, the western outpost of Bethel, Alaska has its share of big-city problems.

The man decided to resign from his job … his proposal of increasing the salary was rejected.

The professor got the students … notes the materials that she taught.

… a pleasant news about her father’s arrival in Indonesia, Rose rushed to the airport to pick him up.

The hotel manager insisted that the car park .. locked at night.

No sooner … with my computer, than the electricity went out.

The factory management received many letters from the … customers complimenting them on their new product.

Before we checked out of the hotel, the sales manager told us that the bill …

… there is a form of life in other planets or not is still debatable.

The student … from the school if he were proven to use narcotics.

The movie The King’s Speech is awarded Oscar for its screenplay as well as ….

When he lived in the suburban area. Mike … the subway to go to his office every day.

An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true .
Line 5  :     that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for aliens and space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one
Line 10  :     of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building models on set. A  voracious  reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally
Line 15  :     precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into a mun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should
Line 20 :      be making his own epics. He left his job to move o Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the chaotic       n,  it  was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of
Line 25 :      around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career- making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just a critical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy,  while  he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions.
(Adapted from various sources –  PTT BPPK)

What is the main idea of the passage?

An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true .
Line 5 : that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for aliens and space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one
Line 10 : of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building models on set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally
Line 15 : precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into a mun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should
Line 20 : be making his own epics. He left his job to move o Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the chaotic n, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of
Line 25 : around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career- making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just a critical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

It can be inferred from the passage that James Cameron’s attitude toward his crews is …

An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true .
Line 5 : that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for aliens and space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one
Line 10 : of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building models on set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally
Line 15 : precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into a mun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should
Line 20 : be making his own epics. He left his job to move o Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the chaotic n, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of
Line 25 : around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career- making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just a critical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

Why is James Cameron a significant figure in the history of cinema?

An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true .
Line 5 : that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for aliens and space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one
Line 10 : of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building models on set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally
Line 15 : precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into a mun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should
Line 20 : be making his own epics. He left his job to move o Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the chaotic n, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of
Line 25 : around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career- making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just a critical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

The author mentions all of the following as jobs performed by James Cameron EXCEPT ….

An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true .
Line 5 : that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for aliens and space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one
Line 10 : of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building models on set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally
Line 15 : precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into a mun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should
Line 20 : be making his own epics. He left his job to move o Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the chaotic n, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of
Line 25 : around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career- making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just a critical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

The word  voracious in line 14 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true .
Line 5 : that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for aliens and space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one
Line 10 : of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building models on set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally
Line 15 : precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into a mun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should
Line 20 : be making his own epics. He left his job to move o Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the chaotic n, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of
Line 25 : around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career- making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just a critical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

The word it in line 21 refers to ….

An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true .
Line 5 : that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for aliens and space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one
Line 10 : of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building models on set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally
Line 15 : precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into a mun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should
Line 20 : be making his own epics. He left his job to move o Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the chaotic n, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of
Line 25 : around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career- making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just a critical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

Where did James Cameron go when he abandoned his job?

Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, Beatrice Wood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaist movement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities in Zurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists  in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement.
(Adapted from various sources  –  PTT BPPK)

What is the main idea of the passage?

Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, Beatrice Wood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaist movement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities in Zurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

What is NOT mentioned in the passage as kinds of art movement besides Dadaism?

Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, Beatrice Wood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaist movement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities in Zurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

What was the reason behind the forming of Dadaism?

Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, Beatrice Wood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaist movement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities in Zurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

What was the cause behind the decline of Dadaist movement during the dawn of World War II in Europe?

Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the (Line 5) prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, Beatrice Wood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaist movement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities in Zurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

Which of the following words could best substitute the word prevailing in line 5?

Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, Beatrice Wood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaist movement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities in Zurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

The author of the passage implies that the most important feature for Dadaist art was ….

Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, Beatrice Wood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaist movement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist Alfred Grunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities in Zurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo-dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement.
(Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)

The pronoun  who in line 8 refers to ….

Hydrogen,  one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. (Line 5) Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting  it  in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a (line 10) human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different today from when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactions Line15) involving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be compared with a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research (Line 20) programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oil and  rein in  emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide from industry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel (Line 25) will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil.
(Adapted from various sources  —  PTT BPPK)

What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?

Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. (Line 5) Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting it in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a (line 10) human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different today from when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactions Line15) involving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be compared with a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research (Line 20) programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oil and rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide from industry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel (Line 25) will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil.
(Adapted from various sources — PTT BPPK)

According to the passage, why was the hydrogen less preferable energy source to petroleum ?

Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. (Line 5) Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting it in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a (line 10) human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different today from when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactions Line15) involving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be compared with a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research (Line 20) programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oil and rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide from industry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel (Line 25) will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil.
(Adapted from various sources — PTT BPPK)

It can be inferred from the passage that capillary array is ….

Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. (Line 5) Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting it in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a (line 10) human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different today from when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactions Line15) involving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be compared with a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research (Line 20) programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oil and rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide from industry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel (Line 25) will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil.
(Adapted from various sources — PTT BPPK)

The following are the reasons why the hydrogen technology unlikely gains a development EXCEPT ….

Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. (Line 5) Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting it in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a (line 10) human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different today from when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactions Line15) involving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be compared with a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research (Line 20) programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oil and rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide from industry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel (Line 25) will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil.
(Adapted from various sources — PTT BPPK)

The word  rein in  in line 21 could be best replaced by ….

Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. (Line 5) Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting it in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a (line 10) human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different today from when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactions Line15) involving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be compared with a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research (Line 20) programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oil and rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide from industry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel (Line 25) will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil.
(Adapted from various sources — PTT BPPK)

The word it in line  7  refers to ….

Berapakah 4,5% dari 455?

Berapakah 4,5% dari 455?